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2016 Monticello Auditor's Management LetterManagement Report for City of Monticello, Minnesota December 31, 2016 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK MMKR CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS To the City Council and Management City of Monticello, Minnesota PRINCIPALS Thomas A. Karnowski, CPA Paul A. Radosevich, CPA William J. Lauer, CPA James H. Eichten, CPA Aaron J. Nielsen, CPA Victoria L. Holinka, CPA/CMA We have prepared this management report in conjunction with our audit of the City of Monticello, Minnesota's (the City) financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016. We have organized this report into the following sections: • Audit Summary • Governmental Funds Overview • Enterprise Funds Overview • Government -Wide Financial Statements • Legislative Updates • Accounting and Auditing Updates We would be pleased to further discuss any of the information contained in this report or any other concerns that you would like us to address. We would also like to express our thanks for the courtesy and assistance extended to us during the course of our audit. The purpose of this report is solely to provide those charged with governance of the City, management, and those who have responsibility for oversight of the financial reporting process comments resulting from our audit process and information relevant to city finances in Minnesota. Accordingly, this report is not suitable for any other purpose. Minneapolis, Minnesota June 20, 2017 Malloy, Montague, Karnowski, Radosevich & Co., P.A. 5353 Wayzata Boulevard • Suite 410 • Minneapolis, MN 55416 • Phone: 952-545-0424 • Fax: 952-545-0569 • www.mmkr.com THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK AUDIT SUMMARY The following is a summary of our audit work, key conclusions, and other information that we consider important or that is required to be communicated to the City Council, administration, or those charged with governance of the City. OUR RESPONSIBILITY UNDER AUDITING STANDARDS GENERALLY ACCEPTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, GOVERNMENT AUDITING STANDARDS, AND TITLE 2 U.S. CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFR) PART 200, UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, COST PRINCIPLES, AND AUDIT REQUIREMENTS FOR FEDERAL AWARDS (UNIFORM GUIDANCE We have audited the financial statements of the governmental activities, the business -type activities, each major fund, and the aggregate remaining fund information of the City as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, and the related notes to the financial statements. Professional standards require that we provide you with information about our responsibilities under auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, Government Auditing Standards, and the Uniform Guidance, as well as certain information related to the planned scope and timing of our audit. We have communicated such information to you verbally and in our audit engagement letter. Professional standards also require that we communicate the following information related to our audit. PLANNED SCOPE AND TIMING OF THE AUDIT We performed the audit according to the planned scope and timing previously discussed and coordinated in order to obtain sufficient audit evidence and complete an effective audit. AUDIT OPINION AND FINDINGS Based on our audit of the City's financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016: • We have issued an unmodified opinion on the City's basic financial statements. • We reported no deficiencies in the City's internal control over financial reporting that we considered to be material weaknesses. • The results of our testing disclosed no instances of noncompliance required to be reported under Government Auditing Standards. • We reported that the Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the basic financial statements. • The results of our tests noted one instance of noncompliance with requirements that could have a direct and material effect on the City's major federal program: o During our audit, we noted one instance of noncompliance with procurement requirements in which the City did not obtain the necessary Environmental Protection Agency exception documentation in order to continue use of the same architect or engineer during construction under the Capitalization Grants for Clean Water State Revolving Funds agreement. This is also considered a significant deficiency in internal controls as the City did not have adequate controls in place to ensure proper compliance with these requirements. -1- We reported one additional matter involving the internal controls over compliance and its operation that we consider to be significant deficiencies in our testing of major federal programs: o During our audit, we noted that the City did not have documented written controls to ensure compliance with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget's Uniform Guidance cash management, allowable costs, procurement, and conflict of interest standards. • We reported no findings based on our testing of the City's compliance with Minnesota laws and regulations. GENERAL COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Inventory Reconciliation The City operates its liquor store inventory on a perpetual basis and completes an annual inventory count in January after year-end. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the City experienced a significant write-down of inventory to reconcile to what was on hand in the count. The size of this adjustment has increased over the last few years, causing us to have concerns that internal controls over inventory costing are not operating effectively enough to mitigate material year-end adjustments. We recommend the City review its policies and procedures over valuing and monitoring its inventory on a first -in first -out cost basis, improve its internal controls over recording inventory values, and continue to monitor overall inventory activity in the future to ensure inventory is properly recorded and valued at year-end. Untimely Reporting to the Minnesota Public Facilities Authority The City is required to submit a copy of its annual audit report to the public facilities authority within 30 days of the report date. We noted during our audit, that the audit report for the year ended December 31, 2015 was not submitted until 80 days after the audit report date. We recommend the City review its internal controls over grant agreements to ensure compliance with the reporting requirements of all grants. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Management is responsible for the selection and use of appropriate accounting policies. The significant accounting policies used by the City are described in Note 1 of the notes to basic financial statements. No new accounting policies were adopted and the application of existing policies was not changed during the year ended December 31, 2016. We noted no transactions entered into by the City during the year for which there is a lack of authoritative guidance or consensus. All significant transactions have been recognized in the financial statements in the proper period. ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND MANAGEMENT JUDGMENTS Accounting estimates are an integral part of the financial statements prepared by management and are based on management's knowledge and experience about past and current events and assumptions about future events. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to the financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting them may differ significantly from those expected. The most sensitive estimates affecting the financial statements were: • Depreciation — Management's estimates of depreciation expense are based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. -2- • Other Post -Employment Benefit (OPEB) and Pension Liabilities — These obligations are calculated using actuarial methodologies described in Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) Statement Nos. 45 and 68. These actuarial calculations include significant assumptions, including projected changes, healthcare insurance costs, investment returns, retirement ages, proportionate share, and employee turnover. • Land Held for Resale — These assets are stated at fair value based on management's estimates. • Compensated Absences — Management's estimate is based on current rates of pay and sick leave balances. • Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — Management's estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical revenues, historical loss levels, and an analysis of the collectability of individual accounts. We evaluated the key factors and assumptions used by management to develop these estimates in determining that they are reasonable in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole. The financial statement disclosures are neutral, consistent, and clear. DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN PERFORMING THE AUDIT We encountered no significant difficulties in dealing with management in performing and completing our audit. CORRECTED AND UNCORRECTED MISSTATEMENTS Professional standards require us to accumulate all known and likely misstatements identified during the audit, other than those that are clearly trivial, and communicate them to the appropriate level of management. Where applicable, management has corrected all such misstatements. In addition, none of the misstatements detected as a result of audit procedures and corrected by management, when applicable, were material, either individually or in the aggregate, to each opinion unit's financial statements taken as a whole. DISAGREEMENTS WITH MANAGEMENT For purposes of this report, professional standards define a disagreement with management as a financial accounting, reporting, or auditing matter, whether or not resolved to our satisfaction, that could be significant to the financial statements or the auditor's report. We are pleased to report that no such disagreements arose during the course of our audit. MANAGEMENT REPRESENTATIONS We have requested certain representations from management that are included in the management representation letter dated June 20, 2017. MANAGEMENT CONSULTATIONS WITH OTHER INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS In some cases, management may decide to consult with other accountants about auditing and accounting matters, similar to obtaining a "second opinion" on certain situations. If a consultation involves application of an accounting principle to the City's financial statements or a determination of the type of auditor's opinion that may be expressed on those statements, our professional standards require the consulting accountant to check with us to determine that the consultant has all the relevant facts. To our knowledge, there were no such consultations with other accountants. -3- OTHER AUDIT FINDINGS OR ISSUES We generally discuss a variety of matters, including the application of accounting principles and auditing standards, with management each year prior to retention as the City's auditors. However, these discussions occurred in the normal course of our professional relationship and our responses were not a condition to our retention. OTHER MATTERS We applied certain limited procedures to the management's discussion and analysis, the budgetary comparison schedules, and the pension and OPEB-related required supplementary information (RSI) that supplements the basic financial statements. Our procedures consisted of inquiries of management regarding the methods of preparing the information and comparing the information for consistency with management's responses to our inquiries, the basic financial statements, and other knowledge we obtained during our audit of the basic financial statements. We did not audit the RSI and do not express an opinion or provide any assurance on the RSI. We were engaged to report on the combining and individual fund statements and schedules accompanying the financial statements and the separately issued Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards, which are not RSI. With respect to this supplementary information, we made certain inquiries of management and evaluated the form, content, and methods of preparing the information to determine that the information complies with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, the method of preparing it has not changed from the prior period, and the information is appropriate and complete in relation to our audit of the financial statements. We compared and reconciled the supplementary information to the underlying accounting records used to prepare the financial statements or to the financial statements themselves. We were not engaged to report on the introductory and statistical sections, which accompany the financial statements, but are not RSI. Such information has not been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audit of the basic financial statements and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or provide any assurance on it. -4- GOVERNMENTAL FUNDS OVERVIEW This section of the report provides you with an overview of the financial trends and activities of the City's governmental funds, which includes the General, special revenue, debt service, and capital project funds. These funds are used to account for the basic services the City provides to all of its citizens, which are financed primarily with property taxes. The governmental fund information in the City's financial statements focuses on budgetary compliance and the sufficiency of each governmental fund's current assets to finance its current liabilities. PROPERTY TAXES Minnesota cities rely heavily on local property tax levies to support their governmental fund activities. For the 2015 fiscal year, local ad valorem property tax levies provided 39.8 percent of the total governmental fund revenues for cities over 2,500 in population, and 35.6 percent for cities under 2,500 in population. Property tax levies certified by Minnesota cities for 2016 increased about 4.8 percent over 2015, compared to an increase of 4.0 percent the prior year. The total market value of property in Minnesota cities increased about 5.7 percent for the 2016 levy year. While the percentage of market value growth was less than the 8.5 percent increase for levy year 2015, it was considerably larger than the 1.1 percent growth experienced in levy year 2014. Market values increased across all property categories for 2016, with gains in the market values of nonhomestead residential properties (9.1 percent) and other properties (7.3 percent) outpacing the market value gain of residential homestead properties (5.0 percent), commercial/industrial properties (4.9 percent), and farms (0.1 percent). The market values used for levying property taxes are based on the previous fiscal year (e.g., market values for taxes levied in 2016 were based on assessed values as of January 1, 2015), so the trend of change in these market values lags somewhat behind the housing market and economy in general. The City's taxable market value increased 26.0 percent for taxes payable in 2015 and 13.1 percent for taxes payable in 2016. The following graph shows the City's changes in taxable market value over the past 10 years: $1,800,000,000 $1,600,000,000 $1,400,000,000 $1,200,000,000 $1,000,000,000 $800,000,000 $600,000,000 $400,000,000 $200,000,000 Taxable Market Value 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 -5- Tax capacity is considered the actual base available for taxation. It is calculated by applying the state's property classification system to each property's market value. Each property classification, such as commercial or residential, has a different calculation and uses different rates. Consequently, a city's total tax capacity will change at a different rate than its total market value, as tax capacity is affected by the proportion of the City's tax base that is in each property classification from year-to-year, as well as legislative changes to tax rates. The City's tax capacity for taxes payable in 2015 increased 29.6 percent and 7.8 percent in 2016. The following graph shows the City's change in tax capacities over the past 10 years: Local Tax Capacity $27,500,000 $25,000,000 $22,500,000 $20,000,000 $17,500,000 $15,000,000 $12,500,000 $10,000,000 $7,500,000 $5,000,000 $2,500,000 $- 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 The City's portion of the average state-wide tax rates for 2016 showed a small decrease from the prior year, as levy increases were offset by improvements in property tax capacities. The following table presents the average tax rates applied to city residents for each of the last two levy years, along with comparative state-wide rates: Rates expressed as a percentage of net tax capacity All Cities State -Wide City of Monticello 2015 2016 2015 2016 Average tax rate City 46.9 46.5 35.7 34.5 County 44.7 44.1 40.6 40.0 School 27.1 27.5 22.9 20.9 Special taxing 6.9 6.9 — 1.1 Total 125.6 125.0 99.2 96.5 Average tax rates have been below state-wide averages for the last few years as a result of improved market values and tax capacities. The increase in market values and local tax capacity in 2015 and 2016 is related to significant increases to market values at the Xcel Power Plant. 10 GOVERNMENTAL FUNDS REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES The following table presents the per capita revenue of the City's governmental funds for the past three years, along with state-wide averages. We have included the most recent comparative state-wide averages available from the Office of the State Auditor to provide a benchmark for interpreting the City's data. The amounts received from the typical major sources of governmental fund revenue will naturally vary between cities based on factors such as a city's stage of development, location, size and density of its population, property values, services it provides, and other attributes. It will also differ from year-to-year due to the effect of inflation and changes in its operation. Also, certain data in these tables may be classified differently than how they appear in the City's financial statements in order to be more comparable to the state-wide information, particularly in separating capital expenditures from current expenditures. We have designed this section of our management report using per capita data in order to better identify unique or unusual trends and activities of the City. We intend for this type of comparative and trend information to complement, rather than duplicate, information in the management's discussion and analysis. An inherent difficulty in presenting per capita information is the accuracy of the population count, which for most years is based on estimates. The City has generated more property tax revenue for its governmental funds revenue compared to the average Minnesota city. The City continues to generate more tax increment revenue per capita than average, as it has made use of this tool to finance commercial development. The City generates more special assessment revenue (typically used for new development) as the City continues to be in a growth phase. The City's per capita governmental funds revenue for 2016 was $1,297, a decrease of about 4.5 percent, from the prior year. Special assessments decreased $179 per capita, as the City received a large amount of assessments from the I-94 Interchange Project in 2015. Property tax revenue increased $41 per capita based on an increase in the tax levy. Intergovernmental revenue increased $37 per capita, due to the City receiving increased federal, state, and county funding in 2016 for the Highway 25/75 Intersection Project. Licenses and permits revenue increased $15 per capita, due to increased building permit sales related to increased development projects in 2016. Charges for services and other revenues increased $10 and $14 per capita, respectively, based on increased storm sewer trunk charges, higher investment earnings from an increase in investments, and the sale of parcels of land held for resale. EVA Governmental Funds Revenue per Capita With State -Wide Averages by Population Class State -Wide City of Monticello Year December 31, 2015 2014 2015 2016 Population 2,500-10,000 10,000-20,000 20,000-100,000 12,993 13,125 13,299 Property taxes $ 443 $ 414 $ 443 $ 647 $ 658 $ 699 Tax increments 26 33 37 64 55 50 Franchise fees and other taxes 33 42 39 28 25 31 Special assessments 59 52 59 147 253 74 Licenses and permits 31 31 43 29 35 50 Intergovernmental revenues 285 322 156 56 116 153 Charges for services 110 85 94 131 157 167 Other 69 62 58 91 59 73 Total revenue $ 1,056 $ 1,041 $ 929 $ 1,193 $ 1,358 $ 1,297 The City has generated more property tax revenue for its governmental funds revenue compared to the average Minnesota city. The City continues to generate more tax increment revenue per capita than average, as it has made use of this tool to finance commercial development. The City generates more special assessment revenue (typically used for new development) as the City continues to be in a growth phase. The City's per capita governmental funds revenue for 2016 was $1,297, a decrease of about 4.5 percent, from the prior year. Special assessments decreased $179 per capita, as the City received a large amount of assessments from the I-94 Interchange Project in 2015. Property tax revenue increased $41 per capita based on an increase in the tax levy. Intergovernmental revenue increased $37 per capita, due to the City receiving increased federal, state, and county funding in 2016 for the Highway 25/75 Intersection Project. Licenses and permits revenue increased $15 per capita, due to increased building permit sales related to increased development projects in 2016. Charges for services and other revenues increased $10 and $14 per capita, respectively, based on increased storm sewer trunk charges, higher investment earnings from an increase in investments, and the sale of parcels of land held for resale. EVA The expenditures of governmental funds will also vary from state-wide averages and from year-to-year, based on the City's circumstances. Expenditures are classified into three types as follows: • Current — These are typically the general operating type expenditures occurring on an annual basis, and are primarily funded by general sources such as taxes and intergovernmental revenues. • Capital Outlay and Construction — These expenditures do not occur on a consistent basis, more typically fluctuating significantly from year-to-year. Many of these expenditures are project -oriented, and are often funded by specific sources that have benefited from the expenditure, such as special assessment improvement projects. • Debt Service — Although the expenditures for debt service may be relatively consistent over the term of the respective debt, the funding source is the important factor. Some debt may be repaid through specific sources such as special assessments or redevelopment funding, while other debt may be repaid with general property taxes. The City's expenditures per capita of its governmental funds for the past three years, together with comparative state-wide averages, are presented in the following table: The City's governmental funds current per capita expenditures are higher than state-wide averages for cities in the same population class. The City's per capita expenditures for capital outlay and construction increased significantly from the prior year and will vary on a yearly basis depending on current, ongoing capital projects. Debt service costs are significantly higher than other cities state-wide, due to the stage of development of the City. Governmental Funds Expenditures per Capita With State -Wide Averages by Population Class State -Wide City of Monticello Year December 31, 2015 2014 2015 2016 Population 2,500-10,000 10,000-20,000 20,000-100,000 12,993 13,125 13,299 Current General government S 134 $ 109 $ 89 $ 112 $ 112 $ 112 Public safety 255 244 261 142 150 153 Street maintenance and lighting 119 117 99 138 132 146 Recreation and culture 88 108 94 184 200 207 All other 64 70 89 124 140 88 660 648 632 700 734 706 Capital outlay and construction 372 389 286 171 171 469 Debt service Principal 181 178 117 416 383 427 Interest and fiscal charges 51 40 33 51 49 48 232 218 150 467 432 475 Total expenditures $ 1,264 $ 1,255 $ 1,068 $ 1,338 $ 1,337 $ 1,650 The City's governmental funds current per capita expenditures are higher than state-wide averages for cities in the same population class. The City's per capita expenditures for capital outlay and construction increased significantly from the prior year and will vary on a yearly basis depending on current, ongoing capital projects. Debt service costs are significantly higher than other cities state-wide, due to the stage of development of the City. GOVERNMENTAL FUND BALANCES The following table summarizes the changes in the fund balances of the City's governmental funds during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, presented both by fund balance classification and by fund: Governmental Fund Changes in Fund Balance Fund balances of governmental funds Total by classification Nonspendable Restricted Assigned Unassigned Total governmental funds Total by fund Major funds General Community Center Economic Development Authority Debt Service Capital Projects Nonmaj or funds Total governmental funds Fund Balance as of December 31, 2015 2016 $ 4,373,045 8,619,905 11,109, 806 4,873,494 $ 3,824,575 6,987,234 13,320,718 6,142,475 Increase (Decrease) $ (548,470) (1,632,671) 2,210,912 1,268,981 $ 28,976,250 $ 30,275,002 $ 1,298,752 $ 4,986,796 629,442 6,562,865 5,382,214 5,392,213 6,022,720 $ 28,976,250 $ 6,276,720 761,829 7,142,330 3,543,551 6,884,229 5,666,343 $ 30,275,002 $ 1,289,924 132,387 579,465 (1,838,663) 1,492,016 (356,377) 1,298,752 As reflected in the table above, total governmental fund balance increased by $1,298,752. The increase was largely due to the increase in fund balance in the Capital Projects Fund from unspent bond proceeds and positive results compared to budget in the General Fund. These were both offset by the decrease in fund balance in the Debt Service Fund, mainly from the decrease in special assessments collected as well as increased principal payments on outstanding debt. In GENERAL FUND The City's General Fund accounts for the financial activity of the basic services provided to the community. The primary services included within this fund are the administration of the municipal operations, police and fire protection, building inspection, streets and highway maintenance, and recreation and culture. The following graph displays the City's General Fund trends of financial position and changes in the volume of financial activity. Fund balance and cash balance are typically used as indicators of financial health or equity, while annual expenditures are often used to measure the size of the operation. $8,500,000 $8,000,000 $7,500,000 $7,000,000 $6,500,000 $6,000,000 $5,500,000 $5,000,000 $4,500,000 $4,000,000 $3,500,000 $3,000,000 $2,500,000 $2,000,000 $1,500,000 $1,000,000 $500,000 General Fund Financial Position Year Ended December 31, 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 � Fund Balance D Cash Balance Expenditures The City's General Fund cash and investments balance at December 31, 2016 was $7,091,381, which increased $277,443 from 2015. Total fund balance at December 31, 2016 was $6,276,720, up $1,289,924. This fund balance level represents approximately 89.8 percent of the City's annual General Fund expenditures, based on 2016 expenditure levels. The City's adopted fund balance policy requires that the City set aside fund balance to represent 45.0 percent of expenditures for working capital and contingencies. Having an appropriate fund balance is an important factor because a government, like any organization, requires a certain amount of equity to operate. Generally, the amount of equity required typically increases as the size of the operation increases. A healthy financial position also allows the City to avoid volatility in tax rates; helps minimize the impact of state funding changes; allows for the adequate and consistent funding of services, repairs, and unexpected costs; and can be a factor in determining the City's bond rating and resulting interest costs. -10- The following illustration provides you with the components of the City's General Fund revenue compared to budget for 2016: Property Taxes Licenses and Permits Intergovernmental Charges for Services Other General Fund Revenue Budget to Actual p0� SOP �O� p0� �O� SOP p0� �O� �O� p0� �O� �O� p0� �O�p, Op �O�p, ���, �ODp�0�, Op�h�, ■ Budget ❑ Actual Total General Fund revenues for 2016 were $8,271,556, which was $675,556 (8.9 percent) over the final budget. As reflected in the table above, other revenues were over budget by $166,059, which was mainly due to receiving dividends from the League of Minnesota Cities Insurance Trust that were not expected in the budget. Licenses and permits revenue also exceeded budgeted amounts by $329,702, as a result of increased development and new construction that was not budgeted for. The following graph presents the City's General Fund revenue sources for the last five years: The graph reflects the City's increasing reliance on taxes to finance its General Fund operations. Overall, General Fund revenues increased $633,910 (8.3 percent) from the previous year. Property taxes increased $298,174, due to an increase in the General Fund tax levy. Other revenues increased $301,410, mainly due to an increase in the sales of buildings permits in 2016 related to new home construction and other development projects. -11- General Fund Revenue by Source Year Ended December 31, $6,500,000 $6,000,000 $5,500,000 $5,000,000 $4,500,000 $4,000,000 $3,500,000 $3,000,000 $2,500,000 $2,000,000 $1,500,000 $1,000,000 $500,000 $— Ta x es Intergovernmental Other ■ 2012 ■ 2013 ■ 2014 ❑ 2015 ■ 2016 The graph reflects the City's increasing reliance on taxes to finance its General Fund operations. Overall, General Fund revenues increased $633,910 (8.3 percent) from the previous year. Property taxes increased $298,174, due to an increase in the General Fund tax levy. Other revenues increased $301,410, mainly due to an increase in the sales of buildings permits in 2016 related to new home construction and other development projects. -11- The following graph illustrates the components of General Fund spending for 2016 compared to budget: General Governmental Public Safety Public Works Recreation and Culture Other General Fund Expenditures Budget to Actual �000 �000 �000 �000 �000 �000 ���1��y0yD ■ Budget ■ Actual Total General Fund expenditures for 2016 were $6,992,812, which was $603,188 (7.9 percent) under budget. The public works area was under budget by $443,118, mainly in street repairs and administration. The general government area was under budget by $67,706, mainly within the finance department. The following illustration provides you with the components of the City's General Fund spending by function for the past five years: $2,250,000 $2,000,000 $1,750,000 $1,500,000 $1,250,000 $1,000,000 $750,000 $500,000 $250,000 General Fund Expenditures by Function Year Ended December 31, General Public Safety Public Works Recreation and Other Governmental Culture ■ 2012 ■ 2013 ■ 2014 ❑ 2015 ■ 2016 Overall, General Fund expenditures increased $277,443 (4.1 percent) from the prior year. All general fund expenditure functions increased in 2016, with the largest change in public works ($93,821), mainly due to increased equipment rentals. Public safety expenditures increased $63,791, mainly due to increased building inspections. -12- ENTERPRISE FUNDS OVERVIEW The City maintains several enterprise funds to account for services the City provides that are financed primarily through fees charged to those utilizing the service. This section of the report provides you with an overview of the financial trends and activities of the City's enterprise funds, which includes the Water Utility, Sewage Utility, Liquor Operations, Fiber Optics, and Deputy Registrar Funds. ENTERPRISE FUNDS FINANCIAL POSITION The following table summarizes the changes in the financial position of the City's enterprise funds during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, presented both by classification and by fund: Enterprise Funds Change in Financial Position Net position of enterprise funds Total by classification Net investment in capital assets Unrestricted Total enterprise funds Total by fund Water Sewage Liquor Fiber Optics Deputy Registrar Total enterprise funds Net Position as of December 31, 2015 2016 Increase (Decrease) $ 40,722,087 $ 41,014,122 $ 292,035 8,136,000 8,998,670 862,670 $ 48,858,087 $ 50,012,792 $ 1,154,705 $ 14,328,760 $ 14,390,486 $ 61,726 19,813,546 20,489,128 675,582 905,806 1,141,827 236,021 13,400,141 13,361,470 (38,671) 409,834 629,881 220,047 $ 48,858,087 $ 50,012,792 $ 1,154,705 -13- WATER ENTERPRISE FUND The following graph presents 10 years of comparative operating results for the City's Water Enterprise Fund: $1,400,000 $1,300,000 $1,200,000 $1,100,000 $1,000,000 $900,000 $800,000 $700,000 $600,000 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 Water Enterprise Fund Year Ended December 31, 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 D Operating Revenue Operating Expense Operating Income Before Depreciation At December 31, 2016, the Water Enterprise Fund had a cash balance of $4,035,865 and a net position of $14,390,486. Net position consisted of $10,135,313 in net investment in capital assets and $4,255,173 in unrestricted net position. Operating revenue in the Water Enterprise Fund is $1,172,258, an increase of $45,540 from the prior year, mostly due to an increase in rates while operating expenses for 2016 were $1,172,236, an increase of $67,000, mainly in personal services. It is important that this fund continue to have positive operating results so as not to place an additional burden on other city funds. It is also important that the City continue to monitor water rates so that they are designed to also provide for future repairs and replacement of the infrastructure assets. -14- SEWAGE ENTERPRISE FUND The following graph presents 10 years of comparative operating results for the City's Sewage Enterprise Fund: $2,800,000 $2,600,000 $2,400,000 $2,200,000 $2,000,000 $1,800,000 $1,600,000 $1,400,000 $1,200,000 $1,000,000 $800,000 $600,000 $400,000 $200,000 Sewage Enterprise Fund Year Ended December 31, 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 O Operating Revenue Operating Expense Operating Income (Loss) Before Depreciation At December 31, 2016, the Sewage Enterprise Fund had a cash balance of $2,596,530 and a net position balance of $20,489,128. Net position consisted of $17,580,101 in net investment in capital assets and $2,909,027 of unrestricted net position. Sewage Enterprise Fund operating revenues for 2016 were $2,223,252, which is $140,130 more than the previous year, due to increased rates and usage. Operating expenses for 2016 were $2,554,310, which decreased $28,244 from 2015. It is important that this fund have positive operating results so as not to place an additional burden on other city funds. It is also important that the City continue to monitor sewage rates so they are designed to also provide for future repairs and replacement of infrastructure assets. -15- LIQUOR ENTERPRISE FUND The following graph presents 10 years of comparative operating results for the Liquor Enterprise Fund: $5,600,000 $5,200,000 $4,800,000 $4,400,000 $4,000,000 $3,600,000 $3,200,000 $2,800,000 $2,400,000 $2,000,000 $1,600,000 $1,200,000 $800,000 $400,000 Liquor Enterprise Fund Year Ended December 31, 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 D Sales v Operating Expenses � Cost of Sales Operating Income (Loss) The Liquor Enterprise Fund ended 2016 with a net position balance of $1,141,827, an increase of $236,021 from the prior year. Of the net position balance, $177,354 represents the investment in liquor capital assets, leaving $964,473 of unrestricted net position. Liquor sales for 2016 were $5,448,584, a decrease of $40,846 from last year. The Liquor Enterprise Fund generated a gross profit of $1,407,360 in 2016, or about 25.8 percent, of gross sales. The Liquor Enterprise Fund's gross profit margin decreased to a more comparative percentage with 2014 and years prior after experiencing an improved gross profit percentage in 2015. Operating expenses for 2016 were $836,048, an increase of $34,503 from last year, due to increased personal services, and materials and supplies to meet the demand of consumers. -16- FIBER OPTICS ENTERPRISE FUND The following graph presents six years of comparative operating results for the Fiber Optics Enterprise Fund: $4,000,000 $3,500,000 $3,000,000 $2,500,000 $2,000,000 $1,500,000 $1,000,000 $500,000 $(500,000) $(1,000,000) $(1,500,000) Fiber Optics Enterprise Fund Year Ended December 31, 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Operating Revenue Operating Expense Operating Income (Loss) Before Depreciation At December 31, 2016, the Fiber Optics Enterprise Fund had a cash balance of $303,008 and a net position balance of $13,361,470. Net position consisted of $13,055,556 in net investment in capital assets and $305,914 of unrestricted net position. Operating revenue in this fund was $1,739,566, an increase of $97,163, or 5.9 percent, in 2016. Operating expenses also increased $61,128 in fiscal 2016. This was mainly due to turning over the management of the City's FiberNet Monticello to a third party management company, which caused an increase in other service charges. The operating loss before depreciation in this fund during this year was $331,799. This was an improvement of $35,808 in the current year, mostly related to increased operating revenues as the third party management company was better equipped to advertise the service and obtain more customers. As a result of improved, but still poor operating results, we recommend the City continue to monitor the financial results of this fund. The continued monitoring of this fund would include a discussion on how the current financial results compare to the future strategic plan for this fund. Most importantly, the future strategic plan should continue to include a discussion on the impact this fund is having on the overall financial health of the City, including what impact the changes made to the plan are expected to have on the City as a whole in the short-term, but also over the long-term. -17- DEPUTY REGISTRAR ENTERPRISE FUND The following graph presents eight years of comparative operating results for the City's Deputy Registrar Enterprise Fund: $600,000 $550,000 $500,000 $450,000 $400,000 $350,000 $300,000 $250,000 $200,000 $150,000 $100,000 $50,000 Deputy Registrar Fund Year Ended December 31, 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 D Operating Revenue Operating Expense Operating Income (Loss) before depreciation At December 31, 2016, the Deputy Registrar Enterprise Fund had a cash balance of $817,006 and a net position balance of $629,881. Net position consisted of $65,798 in net investment in capital assets and $564,083 of unrestricted net position. Deputy Registrar Enterprise Fund operating revenues for 2016 were $562,891, which is $26,960 more than the previous year, mostly due to an increase in charges for services. Operating expenses for 2016 were $352,117, which is $33,431 higher than 2015, due to increased personal services. GOVERNMENT -WIDE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In addition to fund -based information, the current reporting model for governmental entities also requires the inclusion of two government -wide financial statements designed to present a clear picture of the City as a single, unified entity. These government -wide statements provide information on the total cost of delivering services, including capital assets and long-term liabilities. STATEMENT OF NET POSITION The Statement of Net Position essentially tells you what the City owns and owes at a given point in time, the last day of the fiscal year. Theoretically, net position represents the resources the City has leftover to use for providing services after its debts are settled. However, those resources are not always in spendable form, or there may be restrictions on how some of those resources can be used. Therefore, net position is divided into three components: net investment in capital assets, restricted, and unrestricted. The following table presents the components of the City's net position as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, for governmental activities and business -type activities: Business -type activities Net investment in capital assets December 31, 41,014,122 Increase Unrestricted 2015 2016 (Decrease) Total business -type activities 48,886,069 Net position 1,180,643 Total net position $ 117,763,474 Governmental activities 4,774,784 Net investment in capital assets $ 38,099,568 $ 41,077,683 $ 2,978,115 Restricted 12,633,770 10,569,693 (2,064,077) Unrestricted 18,144,067 20,824,170 2,680,103 Total governmental activities 68,877,405 72,471,546 3,594,141 Business -type activities Net investment in capital assets 40,722,087 41,014,122 292,035 Unrestricted 8,163,982 9,052,590 888,608 Total business -type activities 48,886,069 50,066,712 1,180,643 Total net position $ 117,763,474 $ 122,538,258 $ 4,774,784 The City's total net position at December 31, 2016 was $4,774,784 higher than the prior year. Of the increase, $3,594,141 came from governmental activities and $1,180,643 from business -type activities. The increase in the net investment in capital assets balance was mostly due to capital outlay activity during fiscal 2016. At the end of the current fiscal year, the City is able to present positive balances in all three categories of net position, both for the government as a whole, as well as for its separate governmental and business -type activities. The same situation held true for the prior year. -19- STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES The Statement of Activities tracks the City's yearly revenues and expenses, as well as any other transactions that increase or reduce total net positions. These amounts represent the full cost of providing services. The Statement of Activities provides a more comprehensive measure than just the amount of cash that changed hands, as reflected in the fund -based financial statements. This statement includes the cost of supplies used, depreciation of long-lived capital assets, and other accrual -based expenses. The following table presents the change in the net position of the City for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016: Net (expense) revenue Governmental activities General government Public safety Public works Sanitation Transit Recreation and culture Economic development Interest on long-term debt Business -type activities Water Sewer Liquor Fiber optic Deputy registrar Total net (expense) revenue General revenues Property taxes Tax increments Franchise taxes Investment earnings Gain on sale of capital assets Special item — transfer of operations Special item — contribution of land to Wright County Total general revenues and special items Change in net position Net position — beginning of year Net position — end of year Net Change 2015 2016 (1,233,638) (1,284,810) (2,456,534) (563,477) (40,000) (1,645,565) (1,533,222) (688,855) 292,437 607,783 725,707 (894,058) 221,963 (8,492,269) 8,683,585 727,617 333,484 386,656 118,630 (5,511,547) 4,738,425 (3,753,844) (1,419,802) (1,098,466) (2,067,366) (510,344) (41,250) (2,052,388) (455,388) (468,271) 191,639 1,416,967 577,597 (743,696) 217,399 (6,453,369) 9,270,592 668,352 412,217 503,694 16,398 356,900 11,228,153 4,774,784 121,517,318 117,763,474 $ 117,763,474 $ 122,538,258 One of the goals of this statement is to provide a side-by-side comparison to illustrate the difference in the way the City's governmental and business -type operations are financed. The table clearly illustrates the dependence of the City's governmental operations on general revenues, such as property taxes and unrestricted grants. It also shows if the City's business -type activities are generating sufficient program revenues (service charges and program -specific grants) to cover expenses. This is critical given the current downward pressures on the general revenue sources. -20- LEGISLATIVE UPDATES The 2016 legislative session, falling in the second half of the state's fiscal biennium, was scheduled to be a short session lasting only 11 weeks. Since biennial budgets are adopted in odd -year legislative sessions, less time is usually needed for the even -year sessions. However, because the 2015 Legislature adjourned without passing funding bills in several significant areas, it was anticipated that the 2016 legislative session would be considerably more active than the typical short session. In spite of this, only a few funding bills were brought forth to the Governor by the end of the 2016 regular legislative session, including a supplemental budget bill and an omnibus tax bill. The Governor chose not to sign the tax bill due to a drafting error that would have resulted in an unintended reduction of state revenues. When the framework for a special session could not be agreed upon, the fiscal year ended without the adoption of a new tax bill, capital bonding bill, or transportation funding package. The following is a summary of recent legislation affecting Minnesota cities: Border -to -Border Broadband Grants — The 2016 supplemental budget act appropriated $35 million in fiscal 2017 for a Border -to -Border Broadband Grant Program. The grants, available through the Office of Broadband Development in the Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED), provide funding to help communities meet state goals for the development of state-wide high-speed broadband access, focusing on areas currently considered to be underserved or with a high concentration of low-income households. Equity -Related Programs and Grants — The 2016 supplemental budget act also appropriated $35 million in fiscal 2017 for the financing of equity -related programs through DEED, the majority of which was allocated for programs and grants for communities of color, people with disabilities, seniors, and youth. Sales Tax Exemption — Effective January 1, 2017, the sales tax exemption on the purchase of goods or services enacted for cities in 2014 is expanded to include all special districts; city, county, or township instrumentalities; economic development authorities; housing and redevelopment authorities; and all joint power boards or organizations. Taxes Covered Under Debt Management Services — Amendments were made to the statutes governing debt management and debt settlement services to clarify the status of delinquent taxes owed to Minnesota local governments and political subdivisions as debt with regard to those services, and include those entities as creditors for the purpose of debt management services. Elections — An omnibus elections law was passed making several changes to elections administration requirements. In addition to establishing a presidential primary to take the place of the current caucus system beginning in 2020, the law modified election procedures in a number of areas, including: absentee balloting, voting station dimensions, election canvassing, candidate filing, the extension of polling hours to accommodate voters in line at closing, and emergency election plans. Police -Worn Body Cameras — A number of new laws were enacted related to portable recording systems (police -worn body cameras) and the data derived from their use, addressing: data retention and destruction, permitted uses of the systems, audits of the data, and vendor practices. Among the changes are a requirement for gathering public input before purchasing or implementing the use of portable recording systems, and requirements for the adoption and dissemination of written policies over the use of portable recording systems. Veteran Preference Act — New language was added to state statutes clarifying that Minnesota cities and towns may require a veteran to complete an initial probationary period when hired. -21- Charitable Gambling — Cities that require charitable gambling organizations to contribute 10 percent of their net profits to the city for charitable purposes are now required to acknowledge the source of the funds, either in communications about the receipt or distribution of the funds. Donation of Surplus Equipment — Local governments are now permitted to donate surplus public works equipment, cell phones, or emergency medical and firefighting equipment to nonprofit organizations. The donation of surplus equipment was added to the list of exceptions to municipal tort liability. Prior to making any such donations, a city must adopt a policy on how it will determine what equipment is considered surplus and eligible for donation and how it will determine which nonprofit organizations will receive such donations. The policy must address the city's obligation to disclose that the donated equipment may be defective and cannot be relied upon for safety. Temporary Family Health Care Housing Permits — A new special land use permit system was established for a specific type of mobile health care -related mobile housing, intended to provide transitional housing for seniors. Cities will be required to implement the new permit system unless they officially act to opt out of the program. The program sets forth requirements for structure and placement, the permit process and duration, applicants, inspections, and the process for opting out. Partition Fence Viewing Exemption — Cities now have the authority to pass a resolution to exempt adjoining owners or occupants from the partition fence law when their land is considered to be less than 20 acres combined, thereby relieving the city of the responsibility of participating in a potentially costly "fence -viewing" process to mediate disputes between adjoining landowners required to share the costs of constructing fences. -22- ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING UPDATES GASB STATEMENT NO. 73, ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL REPORTING FOR PENSIONS AND RELATED ASSETS THAT ARE NOT WITHIN THE SCOPE OF GASB STATEMENT 68, AND AMENDMENTS TO CER TAINPROVISIONS OF GASB STATEMENTS 67 AND 68 This statement extends the approach to accounting and financial reporting established in GASB Statement No. 68 to all pensions, including those not administered through a trust. Governmental employers participating in such plans will be required to report the total of any unfunded pension liability related to the plan in their accrual basis financial statements, rather than the net pension liability. The requirements of this statement that address accounting and financial reporting by employers and governmental nonemployer contributing entities for pensions not within the scope of GASB Statement No. 68, are effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2016. This statement also clarified the application of certain provisions of GASB Statement Nos. 67 and 68 regarding 10 -year schedules of required supplementary information (RSI) and other recognition issues pertaining to employers and nonemployer contributing entities effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2015. GASB STATEMENT NO. 74, FINANCIAL REPORTING FOR POSTEHPLOYHENT BENEFIT PLANS OTHER THAN PENSION PLANS This statement establishes new accounting and financial reporting requirements for other post -employment benefits (OPEB) plans, replacing GASB Statement Nos. 43 and 57. It also includes requirements for defined contribution OPEB plans that replace the requirements for those OPEB plans in GASB Statement Nos. 25, 43, and 50. This statement will improve financial reporting primarily through enhanced note disclosures and schedules of RSI that will be presented by OPEB plans administered through trusts meeting the specified criteria. The new information will enhance the decision -usefulness of the financial reports of those OPEB plans, their value for assessing accountability, and their transparency by providing information about measures of net OPEB liabilities and explanations of how and why those liabilities changed from year-to-year. The net OPEB liability information, including ratios, will offer an up-to-date indication of the extent to which the total OPEB liability is covered by the fiduciary net position of the OPEB plan. The comparability of the reported information for similar types of OPEB plans will be improved by the changes related to the attribution method used to determine the total OPEB liability. The contribution schedule will provide measures to evaluate decisions related to the assessment of contribution rates in comparison with actuarially determined rates, if such rates are determined. In addition, new information about rates of return on OPEB plan investments will inform financial report users about the effects of market conditions on the OPEB plan's assets over time and provide information for users to assess the relative success of the OPEB plan's investment strategy and the relative contribution that investment earnings provide to the OPEB plan's ability to pay benefits to plan members when they come due. This statement is effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2016. Earlier application is encouraged. -23- GASB STATEMENT No. 75, ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL REPORTING FOR POSTEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS OTHER THANPENSIONS GASB Statement No. 75, Accounting and Financial Reporting for Postemployment Benefits Other Than Pensions, establishes new accounting and financial reporting requirements for governments whose employees are provided with OPEB, as well as for certain nonemployer governments that have a legal obligation to provide financial support for OPEB provided to the employees of other entities. This statement replaces the requirements of GASB Statement Nos. 45 and 57. This statement establishes standards for recognizing and measuring liabilities, deferred outflows of resources, deferred inflows of resources, and expense/expenditures. Similar to changes implemented for pensions, this statement requires the liability of employers and nonemployer contributing entities to employees for defined benefit OPEB (net OPEB liability) to be measured as the portion of the present value of projected benefit payments to be provided to current active and inactive employees that is attributed to those employees' past periods of service (total OPEB liability), less the amount of the OPEB plan's fiduciary net position. Note disclosure and RSI requirements about defined benefit OPEB also are addressed. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2017. Earlier application is encouraged. GASB STATEMENT No. 80, BLENDING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN COMPONENT UNITS AN AMENDMENT OF GASB STATEMENT NO. 14 The objective of this statement is to clarify the financial statement presentation requirements for certain component units. This statement amends the blending requirements for the financial statement presentation of component units of all state and local governments. The additional criterion requires blending of a component unit incorporated as a not-for-profit corporation in which the primary government is the sole corporate member. The additional criterion does not apply to component units included in the financial reporting entity pursuant to the provisions of GASB Statement No. 39, Determining Whether Certain Organizations Are Component Units—an amendment of GASB Statement No. 14. The requirements of this statement are effective for reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2016. Earlier application is encouraged. GASB STATEMENT No. 81, IRREVOCABLE SPLIT -INTEREST AGREEMENTS This statement provides recognition and measurement guidance for the accounting and financial reporting of irrevocable split -interest agreements by governments that are the beneficiary of such an agreement. Split -interest agreements are a type of giving agreement used by donors to provide resources to two or more beneficiaries, including governments. This statement requires that a government that receives resources pursuant to an irrevocable split -interest agreement (1) recognize assets, liabilities, and deferred inflows of resources at the inception of the agreement, (2) recognize assets representing its beneficial interests in irrevocable split -interest agreements that are administered by a third parry if the government controls the present service capacity of the beneficial interests, and (3) recognize revenue when the resources become applicable to the reporting period. The requirements of this statement are effective for financial statements for periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and should be applied retroactively. Earlier application is encouraged. -24- GASB STATEMENT NO. 82, PENSIONISSUES ANAMENDMENT OF GASB STATEMENTS NO. 67, NO. 68, AND NO. 73 The intent of this statement is to address certain issues raised with respect to GASB Statement Nos. 67, 68, and 73. This statement amends GASB Statement Nos. 67 and 68, changing the definition of "covered payroll" utilized in schedules of RSI from the payroll of employees that are provided with pensions through the pension plan, to the payroll on which contributions to a pension plan are based. It clarifies that a deviation, as the term is used in Actuarial Standards of Practice, is not considered to be in conformity with the requirements of GASB Statement Nos. 67, 68, or 73 for the selection of assumptions used in determining the total pension liability and related measures. It also clarifies that payments made by an employer to satisfy contribution requirements that are identified by the pension plan terms as plan member contribution requirements should be classified as plan member contributions for purposes of Statement No. 67 and as employee contributions for purposes of Statement No. 68, and requires that an employer's expense and expenditures for those amounts be recognized in the period for which the contribution is assessed and classified in the same manner as the employer classifies similar compensation other than pensions. The requirements of this statement are effective for reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2016, except for the requirements of this statement for the selection of assumptions in a circumstance in which an employer's pension liability is measured as of a date other than the employer's most recent fiscal year-end. In that circumstance, the requirements for the selection of assumptions are effective for that employer in the first reporting period in which the measurement date of the pension liability is on or after June 15, 2017. Earlier application is encouraged. GASB STATEMENT NO. 83, CERTAINASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS This statement addresses accounting and financial reporting for certain asset retirement obligations (ARO), which are legally enforceable liabilities associated with the retirement of a tangible capital asset. This statement establishes criteria for determining the timing and pattern of recognition of a liability and a corresponding deferred outflow of resources for ARO. A government that has legal obligations to perform future asset retirement activities related to its tangible capital assets should recognize a liability when it is both incurred and reasonably estimable. The measurement of an ARO is required to be based on the best estimate of the current value of outlays expected to be incurred, and a deferred outflow of resources associated with an ARO is required to be measured at the amount of the corresponding liability upon initial measurement. This statement requires the current value of a government's AROs to be adjusted for the effects of general inflation or deflation at least annually, and a government to evaluate all relevant factors at least annually to determine whether the effects of one or more of the factors are expected to significantly change the estimated asset retirement outlays. A government should remeasure an ARO only when the result of the evaluation indicates there is a significant change in the estimated outlays. Deferred outflows of resources should be reduced and recognized as outflows of resources in a systematic and rational manner over the estimated useful life of the tangible capital asset. If a government owns a minority interest in a jointly owned tangible asset where a nongovernmental entity is the majority owner or has operational responsibility for the jointly owned asset, the government's minority share of an ARO should be reported using the measurement produced by the nongovernmental majority owner or the nongovernmental minority owner that has operational responsibility, without adjustment to conform to the liability measurement and recognition requirements of this statement. -25- The statement also requires disclosures of any funding or financial assurance requirements a government has related to the performance of asset retirement activities, along with any assets restricted for the payment of the government's AROs. This statement also requires disclosure of information about the nature of a government's AROs, the methods and assumptions used for the estimates of the liabilities, and the estimated remaining useful life of the associated tangible capital assets. If an ARO (or portions thereof) has been incurred by a government but is not yet recognized because it is not reasonably estimable, the government is required to disclose that fact and the reasons therefor. This statement requires similar disclosures for a government's minority shares of AROs. The requirements of this statement are effective for reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2018. Earlier application is encouraged. GASB STATEMENT No. 84, FIDUCIARYACTIVITIES This statement establishes criteria for identifying fiduciary activities of all state and local governments. The focus of the criteria generally is on (1) whether a government is controlling the assets of the fiduciary activity and (2) the beneficiaries with whom a fiduciary relationship exists. Separate criteria are included to identify fiduciary component units and postemployment benefit arrangements that are fiduciary activities. An activity meeting the criteria should be reported in a fiduciary fund in the basic financial statements, which should present a statement of fiduciary net position and a statement of changes in fiduciary net position. This statement describes four fiduciary funds that should be reported, if applicable: (1) pension (and other employee benefit) trust funds, (2) investment trust funds, (3) private -purpose trust funds, and (4) custodial funds. Custodial funds generally should report fiduciary activities that are not held in a trust or equivalent arrangement that meets specific criteria. A fiduciary component unit, when reported in the fiduciary fund financial statements of a primary government, should combine its information with its component units that are fiduciary component units and aggregate that combined information with the primary government's fiduciary funds. This statement also provides for recognition of a liability to the beneficiaries in a fiduciary fund when an event has occurred that compels the government to disburse fiduciary resources, defined as when a demand for the resources has been made or when no further action, approval, or condition is required to be taken or met by the beneficiary to release the assets. The requirements of this statement are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Earlier application is encouraged. -26-